A quarter note is a note that represents the duration of one beat. In other words, it gets one beat.
It looks like this:
You remember that I told you that a song in standard (4/4) time gets 4 beats per measure, right? That would mean that the song would get 4 quarter notes per measure because a quarter note gets one beat. That’s why it’s called a quarter note. There are 4 quarters in a whole. For example, a dollar bill can be divided up into 4 quarters. (.25 + .25 + .25 + .25 = $1.00)