As a general rule: major chords can be substituted with anything in the “major” table. And minor chords can be substituted with anything in the “minor” table. Keep in mind that substitutions should only be used sparingly unless you really want to jazz it up. Letyour ear be your guide!
Then there’s the Dominant 7th chords which are called “dominant” because they are a common substitution for the dominant chord in a song. The dominant chord being the 5th (V) of the tonic (I) (in other words he 1st chord which is the key signature).
Major
| Major Chord | R | 3 | 5 | ||||
| M6 | R | 3 | 5 | 6 | |||
| 6/9 | R | 3 | 5 | 6 | 9 | ||
| M7 | R | 3 | 5 | 7 | |||
| M9 | R | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | ||
| M11 | R | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 11 | |
| M13 | R | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 13 |
| M7#11 | R | 3 | 5 | 7 | #11 |
Minor
| minor Chord | R | Flat 3 | 5 | ||||
| m6 | R | Flat 3 | 5 | 6 | |||
| m 6/9 | R | Flat 3 | 5 | 6 | 9 | ||
| m7 | R | Flat 3 | 5 | Flat 7 | |||
| m9 | R | Flat 3 | 5 | Flat 7 | 9 | ||
| m 11 | R | Flat 3 | 5 | Flat 7 | 9 | 11 | |
| m13 | R | Flat 3 | 5 | Flat 7 | 9 | 11 | 13 |
| m7/b5 | R | Flat 3 | Flat 5 | Flat 7 | |||
| m/maj.7 | R | Flat 3 | 5 | 7 | |||
| m/maj.9 | R | Flat 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 |
Dominant 7th
| Dominant 7th | R | 3 | 5 | Flat 7 | |||
| 9 | R | 3 | 5 | Flat 7 | 9 | ||
| 11 | R | 3 | 5 | Flat 7 | 9 | 11 | |
| 13 | R | 3 | 5 | Flat 7 | 9 | 11 | 13 |
| 7#5 | R | 3 | #5 | Flat 7 | |||
| 7b5 | R | 3 | Flat 5 | Flat 7 | |||
| 7b9 | R | 3 | 5 | Flat 7 | Flat9 | ||
| 9#5 | R | 3 | #5 | Flat 7 | 9 | ||
| 9b5 | R | 3 | Flat 5 | Flat 7 | 9 | ||
| 7#5#9 | R | 3 | #5 | Flat 7 | #9 | ||
| 7#5b9 | R | 3 | #5 | Flat 7 | Flat 9 | ||
| 7b5#9 | R | 3 | Flat 5 | Flat 7 | #9 | ||
| 7b5b9 | R | 3 | Flat 5 | Flat 7 | Flat 9 |