Knowing how to play a lot of chords is one thing, but knowing where to use them is the trick. That’s why we’re going to spend a little time in this lesson learning about chord families. Most people might not realize it, but songs and scales have their own built-in chord families. By using the notes from the major scale we can make up 7 different chords. These chords made from the scale will work perfectly with the scale. Each chord constructed from a scale plays a different role and knowing how they interact with each other will make you a better player and songwriter.
For example, for a song in the key of C, we can use the C major scale to determine what chords will work (and how) in the song.
We can decode the chord system of a scale by building triads. Remember, triads are simply 3 notes that make up a chord(“tri” means 3, like in tricycle). The actual process of determining the chords is easy. All we have to do to build them is to take every other note of a scale until we have three. The key signature can be any note, but for our example, we’ll use the key of C. Since we’re in the key of C, we’ll use the C major scale. In figure 1 you’ll see the C major scale tabbed out in its extended form (where we repeat the notes at a higher pitch).
The major scale is a diatonic scale which just means it has 7 scale steps. Therefore, in the 1st position of the scale, all notes past the first 7 scale steps are just repeated notes. You can see the repeated notes in the picture below in parenthesis.
Now if we have our key signature of C and the notes that we can play with the C major scale, how do we know what chords we can use? Keep reading!
Built-In Chords
We can build a triad off of each scale step for a total of 7 chords. Start with the first note of the scale step and take out every other note until you have three notes to form a triad as in the picture below.
Constructing The 1st Triad
This is the triad we end up with:
Note: To show the triads in a form that you can play them in we have to oftentimes move a note to the next string as in this case.
Constructing The 2nd Triad
Constructing The 3rd Triad
Constructing The 4th Triad
Constructing The 5th Triad
Constructing The 6th Triad
Constructing the 7th Triad
After we build all 7 triads, we know 7 chords that we can use in the key signature with no problems. Below are the 7 triads that we built (the 8th triad is the 1st triad repeating).
The names of the chords that these triads form are named: 1.) C Major 2.) D minor 3.) E minor 4.) F Major 5.) G Major 6.) A minor 7.) B diminished